![]() ![]() The most famous peripter is the Parthenon of the Acropolis of Athens. The most common form is peripter, a rectangular building framed by columns on four sides. The planning system of the temples of ancient Greece (and not only them) is various options for surrounding the main volume of the building with a colonnade. From left to right: temples in anta (with projections of side walls on the facade), tholos, prostyle, amphiprostyle, dipter, peripter, pseudoperipter, pseudodipter. Ancient Greek architects are reinterpreting the well-known long-standing beam construction using vertical supports and horizontal floors. ![]() The main structural unit of Greek ancient architecture was column. The ancient temple was an important place - the "house" of a certain patron god, often a treasury, so temple architecture concentrated many efforts of ancient architects. The Greeks believed in gods and built temples for them. At an early stage, it was influenced by the Etruscans, later it absorbed and adopted all the discoveries of the Greeks, scaled them and, on the one hand, brought them to the absolute, and on the other hand, changed some aspects of individuality that were important for the Greeks. The culture and, in particular, the architecture of ancient Rome is largely influenced by other cultures and borrowed. An important feature is functionality, in ancient Greek architecture, each element performs its job. The ideal that architecture strives for is symmetry, calm, simplicity. The Greeks were very interested in proportions and tried to reproduce the perfect forms of nature with the help of mathematical calculations. Not only ancient, but also more modern art, up to the avant-garde of the XNUMXth century, will follow this path, depicting the obvious, seen. Another important philosophical and aesthetic concept was mimesis, that is, the principle of reproduction, imitation by the author of something or someone. The mythological thinking of the past was replaced by the logos - the idea of the surrounding world as a harmonious and orderly unity that can be known, and man - as a part of this nature, the Cosmos. Understanding ancient Greek architecture is easier because of the attitude of the Greeks to the world. And in applied art - ceramics, and in sculpture, and in architecture as well: we will see how this, for example, is embodied in the order system. Man acts as a creator and at the same time becomes the main subject of art. This idea was different from anything that existed before. What is characteristic of the antique styleĪncient culture, although based on slave ownership, was extremely human-centered. 600 AD e., a lot of architecture was created during this incredible time, although a large part of it has not survived to the present day, especially the early Greek periods. Late Antiquity - the period of unity of Greek and Roman civilizations as part of the Roman Empire, which ended with the collapse of the latter and the transition to a new page of history, to the Middle Ages.Hellenistics - the time when Greek culture spread to the east and south, and was itself influenced by Persia and Egypt, continues until the conquest of Greece by Rome.Classics - what we most often imagine when we hear the phrase "Ancient Greece", with wars and competition between ancient states, peak discoveries in the fields of science, theatrical art, architecture, sculpture, with the "golden age" of Athens and the conquest of new territories by Alexander the Great.Despite the name, it was a turbulent but productive period. Archaic - the establishment of Greek policies, intensive state formation and the formation of the foundations of ancient Greek culture.Architecture of antiquity should be considered within the limits of actual periods, each of which had a historical rhythm and its own vivid visual style. ![]()
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